Clinical Director, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology 1998; 18: 114-116 Wolin MJ acne refresh 080 discount roacutan 10mg, Trent RG skin care 2013 roacutan 10mg mastercard, Lavin PJM acne meds generic roacutan 10mg online, Cornblath WT. Oculopalatal myoclonus after the one-and-a-half syndrome with facial nerve palsy. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 177-180 Cross References Facial paresis; Myoclonus; One-and-a-half syndrome; Palatal myoclonus Emotionalism, Emotional Lability Emotionalism or emotional lability, or emotional incontinence, implies both frequent and unpredictable changes in emotional expres- sion, for example tearfulness followed shortly by elation, and an inappropriate expression of emotion, for example uncontrollable (“uninhibited” or disinhibited) laughter or crying. A distinction may be drawn between the occurrence of these phe- nomena spontaneously or without motivation, or in situations which although funny or sad are not particularly so. Also, a distinction may be made between such phenomena when there is congruence of mood - 109 - E Emposthotonos and affect, sometimes labeled with terms, such as moria or witzelsucht (e. The neurobehavioral state of emotional lability reflects frontal lobe (especially orbitofrontal) lesions, often vascular in origin, and may coexist with disinhibited behavior. Pathological laughter and crying may occur as one component of pseudobulbar palsy (“pseudobulbar affect”). Oxford: OUP, 2003: 447-478 Cross References Delirium; Disinhibition; Frontal lobe syndromes; Moria; Pathological crying, Pathological laughter; Pseudobulbar palsy; Witzelsucht Emposthotonos Emposthotonos is an abnormal posture consisting of flexion of the head on the trunk and the trunk on the knees, sometimes with flexion of the limbs (cf. Such attacks of “bowing” may be seen in infantile epilepsy syndromes, such as West’s syndrome, sometimes called salaam seizures or jack-knife spasms. Cross References Opisthotonos; Seizures; Spasm Encephalopathy Encephalopathy is a general term referring to any acute or chronic diffuse disturbance of brain function. Characteristically it is used to describe an altered level of consciousness, which may range from drowsiness to a failure of selective attention, to hypervigilance; with or without: disordered perception, memory (i. As with terms, such as coma and stupor, it is probably better to give a description of the patients clinical state rather than use a term that is open to variable interpretation. Although the term is sometimes reserved for metabolic causes of diffuse brain dysfunction, this usage is not universal. Conditions which may be described as an encephalopathy include: Metabolic disorders: hypoxia/ischemia, hypoglycemia; organ fail- ure, electrolyte disturbances, hypertension - 110 - Environmental Tilt E Drug/toxin ingestion Brain inflammation/infection (e. Cross References Asterixis; Coma; Delirium; Myoclonus; Stupor; Tremor En Garde Position - see FENCER’S POSTURE; FENCING POSTURE Enophthalmos Enophthalmos is an inward displacement of the eyeball (sinking or withdrawal) into the eye socket (cf. It is classically described as one of the cardinal features of Horner’s syndrome (along with miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis) but is seldom actually measured. Enophthalmos may also occur in dehydration (probably the most common cause), orbital trauma (e. Cross References Anhidrosis; Exophthalmos; Hemifacial atrophy; Horner’s syndrome; Miosis; Ptosis Entomopia Entomopia (literally “insect eye”) is the name given to a grid-like pat- tern of multiple copies of the same visual image; hence, this is a type of polyopia. This phenomenon has been reported in migraine; its pathogenesis is uncertain. Neurology 1993; 43: 2145-2146 Cross References Polyopia Environmental Dependency Syndrome - see IMITATION BEHAVIOR; UTILIZATION BEHAVIOR Environmental Tilt Environmental tilt, also known as tortopia, is the sensation that visual space is tilted on its side or even upside down (“floor-on-ceiling” phe- nomenon, “upside-down” reversal of vision, verkehrtsehen). The temptation to dismiss such bizarre symp- toms as functional should be resisted, since environmental tilt is pre- sumed to reflect damage to connections between cerebellar and central vestibular-otolith pathways. It has been reported in the following situations: Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg Transient ischemic attacks in basilar artery territory - 111 - E Epiphora Demyelinating disease Head injury Encephalitis Following third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus Cross References Lateral medullary syndrome; Vertigo; Vestibulo-ocular reflexes Epiphora Epiphora is overflow of tears down the cheek. This may be due to a blocked nasolacrimal duct, or irritation to the cornea causing increased lacrimation, but it may also be neurological in origin, e. Lacrimation is also a feature of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, such as cluster headache. Cross References Bell’s palsy; Crocodile tears Epley Maneuver - see HALLPIKE MANEUVER, HALLPIKE TEST; VERTIGO Erythropsia This name has been given to a temporary distortion of color vision in which objects take on an abnormal reddish hue. There are various causes, including drug use, visual diseases, and pseudophakia. Cross References Illusion; “Monochromatopsia”; Phantom chromatopsia Esophoria Esophoria is a variety of heterophoria in which there is a tendency for the visual axes to deviate inward (latent convergent strabismus).
By precept and example he barbers customarily performed such surgical pro- exercised an immense influence among surgeons cedures as blood letting acne 3 days order roacutan paypal. Paré’s older brother was of the Victorian era and he handed on the torch of a barber–surgeon acne prevention generic 5mg roacutan with amex, and his sister had married a scientific surgery acne jeans review order roacutan toronto, which was lit by John Hunter. Poorly educated and knowing neither Latin nor Greek, but nonetheless ambi- tious, Ambroise Paré became a barber–surgeon References through apprenticeship; he then served for 3 or 4 years as a “house surgeon” in L’Hôtel Dieu in 1. Paget, Sir James (1853) Lectures on Surgical alternately on the battlefield with the French army Pathology. Paget, Sir James (1867) Cases that bone-setters practice in Paris during the frequent lulls in cure. Bartholomew’s Because of his intelligence, skills, and person- Hospital Reports 6:1 ality, Paré rose to become the surgeon to four 261 Who’s Who in Orthopedics kings of France. His reputation and political position led to his admission to the College de St. In this manner he formed a bridge between the barber–surgeons, surgeons of the short robe, and the academic surgeons of the long robe. His accomplishments helped to launch the progression of surgery from a hereditary craft to an intellectual yet pragmatic discipline. Because Paré was an accomplished and prolific writer, a great deal is known about his life, opin- ions, and practice. His books, written in French rather than the Latin of the academicians, enjoyed a wide circulation. His personal and autobio- graphic account, The Apologie and Treatise of Ambroise Paré, Containing the Voyages Made into Divers Places, gives a good description of the circumstances in which he practiced. His impor- tance in the history of surgery has been delineated by Geoffrey Keynes. Clayton PARKHILL Paré’s contribution to surgery is usually sum- 1860–1902 marized by mentioning his three important “dis- coveries”—the harmfulness of treating gunshot Clayton Parkhill was born in rural Pennsylvania. After 2 years but in reality his contribution was far greater than of postgraduate training, he opened his surgical this. He taught anatomy at the and his independent mind, the emancipator of University of Denver and became professor of surgery from the dead hand of dogma. Later, he no comparable practitioner, during his time, in became professor of surgery and dean of the England or in any other country, and his influence medical school at the University of Colorado in was felt in every part of Europe. An ingenious surgeon, he is remembered lected “Works” a monument to his own skill and for his early contribution to the development of humanity, which is unsurpassed in the history of 1 external skeletal fixation for the treatment of frac- surgery. His medical career was interrupted by mil- Of particular interest is Paré’s description, the itary service in the Spanish–American War, which first, of intracapsular fractures of the femoral took him to army camps throughout the south and neck and epiphyseal separations of the proximal to Puerto Rico. Paré A (1951) The Apologie and Treatise of Ambroise Paré (edited with an introduction by Keynes G). London, Falcon Educational Books, pp zx–xxi 262 Who’s Who in Orthopedics Arnold PAVLIK Charles William PEABODY 1902–1965 1891–1963 Arnold Pavlik was born in Slavko, Born in Malden, Massachusetts, April 30, 1891, Czechoslovakia, not far from the field of the Dr. His parents were Charles Newton and versity in Brno and later became an assistant to Flora Joslin Peabody. Peabody is a name that has Frejka in the clinic in Bruno, where he had ample been respected for many generations in Massa- opportunity to observe the treatment of patients chusetts. Some of the best in the history of New with congenital dislocations of the hip.
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